Steam-calorimeter.



PATENTED TUNE 25, 1907.

L. M. BLLIsoN. ST1-:AM GALORIMETER.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 30,1905.

1HE NnRms PETA-Rs ca., wxs-Husum. D, c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS M. ELLISON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO ANEERICAN STEAMGAUGE AND VALVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSA- CHU SETTS.

` STEAM-CALORIMETER.

Patented June 25, 1907.

t Application filed March 30,1905. Serial No, 252,883.

To a/,ZZl whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, Lnwrs M. ELLIsoN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Calorimeters, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in steam calorimeters or devicesfor determining the` amount of water carried in suspension in a currentof steam. In devices of this character it has been the usual custom toprovide a vessel or body into which this steam is admitted from thevmain steam pipe through a throttle valve and means whereby athermometer may be inserted in this vessel or body, whereby, by a simplecalculation based on the reading of the thermometer, the amount ofmoisture in the steam may be determined. IIeretofore, serious difficultyhas been met with, due to the fact that the inlet pipe through which thesteam is admitted to the body becomes heated by the passage of steamtherethrough from the high pressure pipe, and as this pipe is connectedto the side walls of the chamber, heat is also conveyed to the sidewalls, thus causing considerable evaporation of the moisture in thesteam chamber. Furthermore, due to the chilling e'iiect of theatmosphere upon the walls of the steam chamber, a certain amount ofradiation is caused and due to these two features the calorimeter is notaccurate.

It is one of the objects of my invention to overcome these dii'licultiesand others which have presented themselves in measuring instruments ofthis character, by providing means whereby the amount of metal used inthe inlet pipe is reduced to minimum, thereby reducing this portionwhich is heated by the high pressure steam and prevent evaporation inthe steam chamber.

Other advantages of my device will appear in the specification andclaims.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one embodiment of myinvention in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of my calorimeterattached to a steam pipe, the pipe being shown in cross section; Fig. 2is an enlarged sectional view of my steam chamber, Fig. 3 is a sectiontaken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; and, Fig. 4 is a sectional view of amodiiication of my` throttling nozzle or valve.

In constructing my device I provide a bodyor chamber 1, which maytakeany form, although in the present instance is shown as beingcylindrical4 and having a bowl-shaped bottom. An outer jacket 2 of rigidmaterial, as metal having the same general coniiguration as the steamchamber or body is provided and this jacket surrounds the steam chamberor body 1 on all sides, a space or chamber 3 being left between thejacket and. the body. This chamber may be iilled with lamp black orother non-conducting material or, if desired, may be left vacant, inwhich event the air contained in the chamber will serve as anon-conductor of the heat. The lower end of the body or chainber 1 isopen and communicates with an exhaust pipe 3, which extends through thejacket 2 to the atmosphere. A cup 4, in which a thermometer may beinserted, extends into the chamber almost to the lower portion thereof,the lower end of this cup being closed and the upper end being openedand making a steam-tight joint at the point 5 and extending through anopening in the upper end of the jacket 2. In order that the steam may bedeflected against this cup, centrally of the body or chamber 1, and uponthe opp osite side from that in which the steam is admitted, ispreferably arranged a deflector 6.

The steam chamber or body is connected with the steam pipe 8 by a tubeor pipe 9, which is adapted to be inserted in the steam pipe, andproject into the same some distance, as shown in Fig. 1, the portionwhich fits in the steam pipe having small perforations, as 10, throughwhich the steam may pass into the pipe. A suitable nut 11 serves to holdthe tube or pipe in position against the steam pipe, and astop valve 12is provided whereby the steam may be shut off or admitted to the steamchamber or body 1. The opposite end 13 of the pipe is secured to thejacket 2 and has a reduced portion 14, which extends through the jacketand connects with an opening 15 in the steam chamber. This reducedportion 14 forms a throttling nozzle'for the steam which is admittedthrough the pipe 13 to the chamber.

A mercury gage 16 is connected with the IOC steam chamber by the pipe17, a swivel joint 18 being formed in this pipe in order that the gagemay be adjusted laterally. It will be noted with respect to this mercurygage that the same is attached at right angles, as shown in Fig. 1, tothe inlet pipe 13 and by means of the screw-threaded connection with thejacket of pipe 13 and the swivel joint 18, the gage may be adjusted toalways maintain a vertical position.

In Fig. 4 I have illustrated a modification of my nozzle or inlet to thesteam chamber, in which it will be noted that the reduced portion 14 ofthe pipe 13 is located at and extended along the bottom of the inletpipe, thereby preventing the formation of a pocket in the inlet pipe andmoisture which may separate in the inlet pipe will fall to the bottom ofthe pipe, and be carried into the steam chamber 1 and cannot be drivenback into the main steam pipe.

In operation, the valve 12 is opened and the steam passes through thepipe 9 and through the throttling nozzle or reduced portion 14 into thesteam chamber -1. As it passes into this chamber, it will pass acrossthe cup l and striking the deilector 6 be thrown back against the cupand then pass out through the exhaust 3. A thermometer 17 may beinserted in the cup and the moisture contained in the steam ascertainedby a simple calculatie-n.

By the arrangement of the double chamber and i'illing the space betweenthe outer chamber or jacket and the inner chamber with a non-conductingmaterial, it will be seen that radiation is reduced to a 'minimum andbythe arrangement of a defiector opposite and below the nozzle or placeof entry of the steam, the steam after having crossed the cup and thethermometer contained therein will be deflected and caused to cross thecup a second time or several times, before exhausting through theopening 3, thereby providing greater opportunity for the steam to affectthe thermometer contained in the cup and permit a correct reading of thedevice. Further, by providing the reduced portion 14 upon the inlet pipe13 and securing this reduced portion to the wall of the body 1, the areaof the pipe is reduced, thereby preventing the conduction of heat to thesteam chamber from the high pressure steam and the same also serves tothrottle the steam in passing to the steam chamber. The reduction ofthis area and the consequent reduction of heat prevents a correspondingamount of evaporation oi the moisture in the steam chamber, renderingthe device more accurate.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a calorimeter, the combination with a vessel or body, of a jacketsurrounding the same, an entering pipe connected to said jacket andhaving a portion of smaller diameter located at and alone` the underside of' said pipe and extending between said jacket and said vessel orbody, and means to permit the insertion of a thermometer into saidvessel or body.

2. In a calorimeter, the combination with a vessel or body, of a jacketsurrounding the same, an entering pipe connected to said jacket andhaving a portion of smaller diameter having the walls thereof ofsubstantially the same thickness extending between said jacket and saidvessel or body, a pressure gage connected to said vessel or body by aswivel joint and extending at right angles to said entering pipe, andmeans to permit the insertion of a thermometer into said vessel or body.

3. In a calorimeter, the combination with a vessel or body, of a jacketsurrounding the same, an entering pipe connected to said jacket andhaving a portion of smaller diameter extending between said acket andsaid vessel or body, a deilector arranged within said vessel or body, apressure gage connected to said body by a swivel joint and extending atright angles to said entering pipe, and means to permit the insertion ofa thermometer into said vessel or body.

In witness whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

LEWIS M. ELLISON.

Vitnesses: JOHN BREEsn,

GEO. S. PINEs.

